Die Casting Equipments

Die-casting machines can be mainly divided into two different types: hot chamber die-casting machines and cold chamber die-casting machines. The difference lies in how much force they can withstand, with a typical pressure range of 400 to 4000 tons.

Hot chamber die casting

Hot chamber die-casting, sometimes also known as gooseneck die-casting, has a molten liquid or semi liquid metal pool that fills the mold under pressure. At the beginning of the cycle, the piston of the machine is in a contracting state, and the molten metal can fill the gooseneck area. Pneumatic or hydraulic pistons squeeze metal and fill it into the mold. 

The advantages of this system include fast cycle speed (approximately 15 cycles can be completed per minute), easy automation, and the convenience of melting the metal. Disadvantages include the inability to die-cast metals with high melting points, as well as the inability to die-cast aluminum, as aluminum can remove iron from the melting pool.

 Therefore, hot chamber die-casting machines are usually used for alloys of zinc, tin, and lead. Moreover, hot chamber die-casting is difficult to use for large castings, and usually this process involves die-casting small castings.

Cold Chamber Die Casting

When die-casting cannot be used for metals in the hot chamber die-casting process, cold chamber die-casting can be used, including aluminum, magnesium, copper, and zinc alloys with high aluminum content. In this process, the metal needs to be melted first in a separate crucible. 

Then a certain amount of molten metal is transferred to an unheated injection chamber or nozzle. These metals are injected into the mold through hydraulic or mechanical pressure. Due to the need to transfer molten metal into the cold chamber, the biggest drawback of this process is the long cycle time.

Cold chamber die-casting machines can also be divided into vertical and horizontal types. Vertical die-casting machines are usually small machines, while horizontal die-casting machines come in various models.